Parts of Speech

ACTIVE VOICE and PASSIVE VOICE

• What is active voice and passive voice ?
• Which sentences may be in active voice and passive voice ?
• What is Transitive verb and Inransitive verb ?
• General rules of Passive Voice
• Present Indefinite Tense
• Present Continuous Tense
• Present Perfect Tense
• Present Perfect Continuous Tense
• Past Indefinite Tense
• Past Continuous Tense
  
• Past Perfect Tense
  
• Past Perfect Continuous Tense
  
• Future Indefinite Tense
• Future Continuous Tense
  
• Future Perfect Tense
  
• Future Perfect Continuous Tense
  
• Imperative Sentece

What is active voice and passive voice ?

Active Voice –

1 . When an action expressed by the verb is performed by the subject,
2 . Subject is highlighted
3 . Subject is in active mode.
4 . Subject comes in the beginning of sentence.

Passive Voice –
1 . Action expressed by the verb is received by the subject,
2 . Object is highlighted.
3 . Subject is in passive mode.
4 . Object comes in the beginning of sentence.
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Which sentences may be in active voice and passive voice ?

Every sentences whether it has transitive verb or intransitive verb may be in active voice.

Only those sentences which has transitive verb may be in passive voice.
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What is Transitive verb and Inransitive verb ?

Transitive verb : The verb after which an object may come.
Intransitive ver : The verb after which an object may not come.

How to identify ?

By asking question through what/whom .

If answer may come anything or anyone it is transitive verb and if answer may not come anything or anyone it is intransitive verb.
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General rules of Passive Voice

In active voice there are :
subject + verb + object

◾In passive voice there are reverse:

Object + verb + subject

◾Helping verb is used.

◾Verb3 of main verb is used.

◾" by " is used before subject.

◾ Structure is as follow 

Object + helping verb + verb3 + by + subject

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Present indefinite tense

Helping verb:

Active voice _ do/does
( Only in negative and integrative)

Passive voice _ is /am/are
( In all )

Main verb :

Active voice _ verb 1
Passive voice _ verb 3

In Hindi : (at the end of sentence )

Active voice : ता है/ ती है /ते हैं
Passive device : या जाता है /ई जाती है/ ए जाते हैं

Structure :

Active voice _ subject + verb 1 + object
Passive voice _ object +is/am/are + verb 3 + by + subject

For example:

Affirmative

Active voice : Afsheen writes a letter.
Passive voice : A letter is written by Afsheen.

Negative

Active voice : Afsheen does not write a letter.
Passive voice : A letter is not written by Afsheen.

Interrogative

Active voice : Does Afsheen write a letter?
Passive voice : Is a letter written by Afsheen?
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Present Continuous tense

Helping verb:

Active voice _ is/am/are
Passive voice _ is being /am being/are being

Main verb :

Active voice _ verb +ing
Passive voice _ verb 3

In Hindi : (at the end of sentence )

Active voice : रहा है/ रही है /रहे हैं
Passive voice : आ जा रहा है/ ई जा रही है /ए जा रहे हैं

Structure :

Active voice _ subject + verb + object
Passive voice _ object + helping verb + verb 3 + by + subject

For example:

Affirmative

Active voice : Adyan is buying a pen
Passive voice : A pen is being bought by Adyan

Negative

Active voice : Adyan is not buying a pen
Passive voice : A pen is not being bought by Adyan.

Interrogative

Active voice : Is Adyan not buying a pen ?
Passive voice : Is a pen not being bought by Adyan?

____________________

Present Perfect tense

Helping verb:

Active voice _ have/has

Passive voice _ have been /has been

Main verb :

Active voice _ verb 3
Passive voice _ verb 3

In Hindi : (at the end of sentence )

Active voice : चुकाहै/ चुकी है /चुके हैं

 आ है/ ई है / ए हैं  

Passivedevice : जा चुकाहै/ जा चुकी है /जा चुके हैं

 आ गया है/ ई गई है / ए गए हैं  

Structure :

Active voice _ subject +has/have + verb 3 + object

Passive voice _ object +has been/have been + verb 3 + by + subject

For example:

Affirmative

Active voice : Afsheen has bought a pen.
Passive voice : A pen has been bought by Afsheen.

Negative

Active voice : Afsheen has not bought a pen.
Passive voice : A pen has not been bought by Afsheen.

Interrogative

Active voice :  Has Afsheen bought a pen?
Passive voice : Has a pen been bought by Afsheen?
__________________

Present Perfect Continuous tense

No Passive voice

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Past indefinite tense

Helping verb:

Active voice _ did
( Only in negative and integrative)

Passive voice _ wa/were
( In all )

Main verb :

Active voice _ verb 2
Passive voice _ verb 3

In Hindi : (at the end of sentence )

Active voice : ता था/ ती थी/ते थे 

 आ/ए/ई
Passive device : या जाता था /ई जाती थी/ ए जाते थे  

 या गया/ ई गई /ए गए 

Structure :

Active voice _ subject + verb 2 + object
Passive voice _ object +was/were  + verb 3 + by + subject

For example:

Affirmative

Active voice : Afsheen wrote a letter.
Passive voice : A letter was written by Afsheen.

Negative

Active voice : Afsheen did not write a letter.
Passive voice : A letter was not written by Afsheen.

Interrogative

Active voice : Did Afsheen write a letter?
Passive voice : Was a letter written by Afsheen?
__________________

Past Continuous tense

Helping verb:

Active voice _ was/were
Passive voice _ was being /were being

Main verb :

Active voice _ verb +ing
Passive voice _ verb 3

In Hindi : (at the end of sentence )

Active voice : रहा था / रही थी /रहे थे 
Passive voice : आ जा रहा था / ई जा रही थी /ए जा रहे थे 

Structure :

Active voice _ subject + verb + object
Passive voice _ object +was being/were being + verb 3 + by + subject

For example:

Affirmative

Active voice : Adyan was buying a pen
Passive voice : A pen was being bought by Adyan

Negative

Active voice : Adyan was not buying a pen
Passive voice : A pen was not being bought by Adyan.

Interrogative

Active voice : Was Adyan not buying a pen ?
Passive voice : Was a pen not being bought by Adyan?

____________________

Past Perfect tense

Helping verb:

Active voice _ had

Passive voice _ had been 

Main verb :

Active voice _ verb 3
Passive voice _ verb 3

In Hindi : (at the end of sentence )

Active voice : चुका था / चुकी थी  /चुके थे 

 आ है/ ई है / ए हैं  

Passive Voice : जा चुकाथा / जा चुकी थी /जा चुके थे 

 आ गया था / ई गई थी / ए गए थे  

Structure :

Active voice _ subject +had + verb 3 + object

Passive voice _ object +had  been + verb 3 + by + subject

For example:

Affirmative

Active voice : Afsheen had bought a pen.
Passive voice : A pen had been bought by Afsheen.

Negative

Active voice : Afsheen had not bought a pen.
Passive voice : A pen had not been bought by Afsheen.

Interrogative

Active voice :  Had Afsheen bought a pen?
Passive voice : Had a pen been bought by Afsheen?
__________________

Present Perfect Continuous tense

No Passive voice

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Future indefinite tense

Helping verb:

Active voice _ shal / will
Passive voice _ shall be / will be

Main verb :

Active voice _ verb 1
Passive voice _ verb 3

In Hindi : (at the end of sentence )

Active voice :  गा / गी /गे 
Passive device : या जाए गा  /ई जाए गी / ए जाएँ गे 

Structure :

Active voice _ subject +shall / will + verb 1 + object

Passive voice _ object +shall be / will be+ verb 3 + by + subject

For example

Affirmative
Active voice : Afsheen will write a letter.
Passive voice : A letter will be  written by Afsheen.

Negative
Active voice : Afsheen will not write a letter.
Passive voice : A letter will not be written by Afsheen.

Interrogative
Active voice :  Will Afsheen write a letter?
Passive voice : Will a letter be written by Afsheen?
__________________

Future Continuous tense

No Passive voice

___________________________

Future Perfect tense

Helping verb:

Active voice _ shall have / will have 

Passive voice _ shall have been / will have been 

Main verb :

Active voice _ verb 3
Passive voice _ verb 3

In Hindi : (at the end of sentence )

Active voice : / चुके गा /चुगे गी /चुकें गे
या होगा /ई होगी / ए होंगे

Passive voice : जा चुके गा / जा चुके गी /जा चुकें गे
आ गया होगा / ई गई होगी / ए गए होंगे

Structure :

Active voice _ subject +shall have / will have + verb 3 + object

Passive voice _ object +shall have  been / will have been  + verb 3 + by + subject

For example:

Affirmative
Active voice : Afsheen will have bought a pen.
Passive voice : A pen will have  been bought by Afsheen.

Negative
Active voice : Afsheen will not have  bought a pen.
Passive voice : A pen will not have been bought by Afsheen.

Interrogative
Active voice :  Will Afsheen have bought a pen?
Passive voice : Will a pen have been bought by Afsheen?

__________________

Future Perfect Continuous tense

No Passive voice

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IMPERATIVE SENTENCE

Sense of ORDER/ADVICE and REQUEST 

Affirmative

Active voice_ 

Verb 1+Complement 

   For Example: 

        1. Write an application.

        2. Go there.

        3. Take medicine.

        4. Help the poor.

        5. Please give me a pen.

       6. Kindly keep silent.

Passive voice_ 

1 . You are ordered/advised/requested  to +Verb 1 +Complemen

For example:

 

1 . You are ordered to write an application.

2. You are ordered to go there. 

3. You are advised to take medicine.

4. You are advised to help the poor.

5. You are requested to give me a pen.

6. You are requested to keep silent.

In the sense of ORDER and ADVICE If there is an object, except above it may be told as follows also ;

1 . Let + Object + be + Verb 3 

For example: 

1. Let an application be written.

2. Let the medicine be taken.

2.  Let the poor be helped.

NEGATIVE

Active voice_ 

Do not/Don't +Verb 1+ Complemen

   For Example: 

        1. Do not write an application.

        2. Don't go there.

        3. Don't take medicine.

        4. Don't help the theif.

        5. Please don't give me a pen.

       6. Kindly don't make a noise.

Passive voice_ 

1 . You are ordered/advised/requested not to +Verb 1 + Complemen

For example:

 

1 . You are ordered not to write an application.

2. You are ordered not to go there. 

3. You are advised not to take medicine.

4. You are advised not to help the theif.

5. You are requested not to abuse me.

6. You are requested not to make a noise.

In the sense of ORDER and ADVICE If there is an object, except above it may be told as follows also ;

1 . Let + Object + not be + Verb 3 

For example:

1. Let an application not be written.

2. Let the medicine not be taken.

3.  Let the theif not be helped.